The paper envisages semiotic development potential of semantic structure of individual concept “Mate” created by Henry Lawson. The image in question is iconic for Australian culture. A certain share of idealization and romantization entails further development of the semantic meaning of this concept. The rooted semantic components of the concept-image “Mate” gradually turned into concept-symbol “Mateship”. H. Lawson was the ёrst Australian author, who made this concept one of the core concepts of Australian culture. Moreover, “Mateship” reяects the historical development of socio-economic relations within Australian society in 19 – 20 centuries. Having identiёed axiological meaning of the concepts “Mate / Mateship”, we could be aware of the basic values of Australians as a nation, and understand connections of the language and society.