РУАЭСТ (RUAEST)
ORIGIN OF THE DOMESTIC PARLIAMENT: FIRST STEPS
This article analyzes two directions of the originating of national parliament: pre- parliamentary bodies of state power, their structure, forms of action and projects of creating a parliament in Tsarist Russia. Multistage, contradictory process of becoming domestic parliament covers the creation, organization of work — pre-parliamentary bodies of state power and the emergence and development of ideas of parliamentarism. Russian (Kiev) state formed in the IX century refers to the type of early feudal monarchy, it saves veche, people’s assembly, as a part of state government. Veche — a meeting of plenipotentiary male city residents — was considered the highest legal authority in Novgorod, exercised legislative, executive and judicial functions. Other sovereigns (kniazpower prince, vladyka-lord, posadnik-mayor and tysiatskiy- captain of the thousand) took authority and reported to Novgorod veche. The Boyar Duma is of great interest for investigating the first signs of origin of representative (legislative) authorities in Russia. Since the mid of XVI to the mid of XVII centuries the Boyar Duma activities was complemented by the Zemsky Sobors. With the beginning of the epoch of «Educated absolutism» of the Empress Catherine II the liberal ideas of the theory of separation of powers, the natural law, social contract etc. penetrate to Russia from the West. State authorities, pre-parliamentary forms of work, ideas of establishing a parliament in Russia were those springs, brooks, sources, the merger of which after centuries of evolution led to the creation of the Russian parliament, formation of the Russian parliamentarism.